A federal appeals court on Tuesday largely upheld the Federal Communications Commission’s decision to roll back nationwide net-neutrality protections in a blow to supporters of the Obama-era policy. But not everything in the ruling went in the FCC’s favor.

Consumer advocacy groups, including Mozilla, Free Press, Public Knowledge, and the National Hispanic Media Coalition, as well 22 states, sued the FCC last year over the repeal, which nullified rules that outlawed any blocking or throttling of internet traffic by mobile and fixed broadband providers.

The D.C. Circuit refused to vacate the FCC’s repeal except for one portion: The agency had failed, it said, to demonstrate proper legal authority to ban state governments from passing their own net neutrality rules. The agency had attempted to do so through a “preemption directive” included in the text of its 2018 Restoring Internet Freedom Order, but hadn’t properly explained how state laws would undermine it.

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